The Materia Medica
of the publication.

The most-studied botanical for prostate health. Saw Palmetto’s primary actives — beta-sitosterol and free fatty acids — appear to inhibit the conversion of testosterone to DHT, the hormone implicated in prostate enlargement. The 320 mg dose is the level used in the bulk of clinical trials.

A plant sterol with its own independent prostate-health evidence base, separate from Saw Palmetto. Trials in men with mild-to-moderate urinary symptoms have shown improvements in flow rate and reduction in residual urinary volume.

An African evergreen with decades of European clinical use for prostate support. Contains pentacyclic triterpenes and phytosterols that complement Saw Palmetto’s mechanism. Approved for prostate use in Germany under the Commission E framework.

Often combined with Saw Palmetto in U.S. prostate-support formulations. Nettle root lignans bind to SHBG, modestly affecting hormone availability, and have been studied for symptom-improvement endpoints in men with mild urinary issues.

The prostate has the highest zinc concentration of any tissue in the male body. Adequate zinc supports both healthy prostate function and testosterone synthesis. Most middle-aged men consume below the recommended intake — we close that gap.

Vitamin D receptors are present on prostate tissue, and adequate D3 status is associated with healthier prostate biomarkers in observational data. Northern-latitude winter deficiency runs above sixty per cent in middle-aged men. We close that gap, too.